英语高考语法总复习

三十九.without作介词的用法: 表示 “没有, 不”
a. Without a word he left the room.
b. He looked at me without expression.
c. He had advised her to come without delay.
d. There is no fire without some smoke.
e. She oughtn’t to go off like that without telling me.
f. Without waiting for any reply, he left the room.
g. Nobody can speak English without making mistakes.
h. His face was without expression.
应注意的问题
1. this / that / next / last / yesterday / tomorrow / one / every / each / some / any / all +表示时间的名词时, 其前不用介词on或in等表示在这一时间里
a. They are planning to visit China next year.
b. I received a letter from him yesterday morning.
c. Each morning he would get up early and walk in the woods.
d. He worked deep into night every day.
2.on / in表时间的区别:
①.表示在具体的某一天用介词on, 如: on Tuesday, on September 29th; 表示在上午, 下午, 中午, 晚上一般应用介词in, 但表示在具体的某一天或有具体某特征的某一天的上午, 下午, 中午, 晚上用介词on, 如: on the morning of our sports meet, on the afternoon of the rainy day.
②.表示在某假日时, 如果假日是具体的日子, 则用介词on, 如果指的是 “时节”, 则要用at, 如: at the weekend, at Christmas, at Midsummer, at Easter在复活节
2.since / for表时间时的区别: since后接表示起点时间的词; for后接表示段时间的词
a. I have been living here since 1972.
b. I have lived here for 32 years.
3.in / after在表示“在(一段时间)之后”时, in常与将来时连用; after常与过去时连用...

高考英语总复习语法专项 独立主格

2009-03-18 11:39 来源：互联网 作者：佚名 [打印] [评论]

一.构成: n / pron.+ 不定式 / 现在分词 / 过去分词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语. 其中前一部分是后一部分的逻辑主语

二.用法: 独立主格结构通常用逗号与主句隔开, 位置比较灵活, 主要用于书面语, 特别是文学体裁, 在口语中较为罕见.

独立主格结构在句中通常作状语, 表示方式, 时间, 原因, 条件等

独立主格结构都可变为with / without + O + OC的结构

1.n / pron +不定式

a. A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe.

2. n / pron +现在分词

a. Today being Sunday, we have no school.

b. Time permitting, we’ll stay longer.

c. He lay on his back, his eyes looking straight upward.

d. Spring having come, it is getting warmer and warmer.

e. The last bus having gone, we had to walked home.

3. n / pron +过去分词

a. All things considered, I think I should not have taken the job.

b. His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.

c. Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.

4. n / pron +形容词

a. The manager sat quietly in the office, ( his ) eyes closed.

5. n / pron +副词

a. The meeting over, all the workers went home.

b. The meal over, we began to work again.

c. He put on his socks hurriedly, wrong side out.

6. n / pron +介词短语

a. The teacher walked into the classroom, book in hand.

b. He ran away, gun in hand.

c. In front of the house was a tall tree, its top above the t...

冠词的使用中要注意的问题:

1.专有名词可以加不定冠词或定冠词来指出一时的或新的一种概念

a. The China ruled by the “gang of four” is gone. A new China will be born.

2.多个限定词修饰一个名词时, 冠词一般居于首位, 但少数结构特殊, 如: all / both / half + the + n.; such / quite / what + a(n) +adj.+ n.; so / how / too / as + adj + a(n) + n., 如: all the students, half the time, such a nice boy, quite a long time, what a good teacher, so nice a boy, too difficult a problem

b. The Whites are going on a trip next week.

16.the + adj表示一类人, 如: the rich富人, the poor, the wounded伤者

17.the用于表示语法名称的名词前, 如: the past tense, the past participle, the gerund

18.the用在地名或人名前, 指“与该地该人相似的地方或人”

a. He is the Edison of today.他是现代的爱迪生

b. Shanghai is the New York of China.上海就是中国的纽约

19.用在形容词only, very (正是,恰是), same (同样的)等之前用the

a. She is the only girl in the family.

b. That is the very book I’ve been looking for.

c. We go to the same school.

20.在一些固定结构中, the用在表人的身体部位的名词前

a. Tom beat him in the face.

b. He took the boy by the hand.

c. The farmer led the cow by the nose.

21.用在表年代, 朝代, 时代的名词前, 如: the Tang Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn period春秋时期, in the 30’s

22.the +比较级表示两者当中“较…的那个”

a. Who is the more beautiful of the two girls ?

冠词的使用中要注意的问题:

1.专有名词可以加不定冠词或定冠词来指出一时的或新的一种概念

a. The China ruled by the “gang ...

高考英语总复习语法专项 介词

十.behind作介词的用法:

①.在…后面, 到…后面

a. There is a garden behind the house.

b. The dog was running behind its master’s bicycle.

c. We could feel the threat behind all they said.

d. He was behind the others in ability.

②.比…晚

a. New York is twelve hours behind Peking in time.

b. He arrived at the office ten minutes behind me.

③.词组和固定搭配: behind the times过时, 跟不上时代; behind time晚了, 晚点

十一.below作介词的用法: 表示 “在…以下, 在…下面”

a. The temperature is below freezing.

b. Miners work below the surface of the earth.

十二.beside作介词的用法:

①.在…旁边

a. He was sitting beside her.

b. The house is beside the river.

②.和…比较起来

a. His work seems poor beside yours.

b. Beside last year’s results, the number for this year have fallen.

十三.besides作介词的用法: 表示 “除了”

a. I think there are nine pounds left, besides come pennies.

b. Twelve students passed the exam besides Jim.

十四.beyond作介词的用法:

①.在…之外, 在…的那一边(更远处)

a. The house is beyond the bridge.

b. The sun sets beyond the distant hills.

②.超出(能力, 范围等)

a. The noisy child is beyond her control.

b. The stars in the sky are beyond number.

c. To do this was quite beyond my ability.

d. He was beyond the help of the doctor.

e...

高考英语总复习语法专项 名词从句

2009-03-18 11:37 来源：互联网 作者：佚名 [打印] [评论]

概述

一.定义: 在句中的作用相当于一个名词的从句叫做名词性从句

二.分类: 名词性从句包括四类, 分别是: 主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句, 同位语从句

三.引导词: 名词从句的引导词包括连词that / if / whether, 连接代词who / whom / whose / what / which, 连接副词when / where / how / why, 另外还有: whatever, whichever, whoever等

主语从句

一.定义: 在句中充当主语的从句就是主语从句

二.示例:

a. That he looked at me in that strange way puzzled me.

b. Whether we can control the floods is still uncertain.

c. What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.

d. When the broadcast station will be ready is unknown.

e. Who made the long distance call to him is not important.

f. Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.

三.应注意的问题:

1.以that引导主语从句时, 常用it作形式主语, 而把真正主语后移, 如在以下句型中就是如此: It is + adj / n + that...; It is said / reported / hoped that...

a. It is certain that fuels like coal and oil cause a lot of pollution.

b. It was said that only three people in the world could understand it at that time.

2.whether引导主语从句时, 常置于句首 (此时whether不能用if代替), 也有后移的用法 (此时whether可以用if代替)

a. Whether they will come is not yet known.

b. It is not yet known whether they will go there.

3.连接代词who, what, which和连接副词when, where, how, why引导主语从句时, 一般不后移

a. What I told you last night was really true.

b. Wh...

高考英语总复习语法专项 动词概述

2009-03-18 11:52 来源：互联网 作者：佚名 [打印] [评论]

动词的分类

动词按其在句中所充当的句子成分分为谓语动词和非谓语动词

一.谓语动词: 用于谓语中的动词称为谓语动词. 按照其能否独立作谓语, 谓语动词又可分为两类:

1.能独立作谓语的动词称为完全动词, 即实义动词;

2.不能独立作谓语的动词称为不完全动词, 包括: 连系动词, 情态动词, 助动词

连系动词有两种: ①.表示特征状态, 如: be, appear看起来, seem看来,似乎, look看起来, sound听起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, feel 摸起来, remain仍然是; ②.表示变化过程, 如: become变成, get成为, grow变得, turn变成, go变得, prove证明是

情态动词和助动词参看其他章节

二.非谓语动词: 不充当谓语的动词形式称为非谓语动词, 包括: 不定式, 分词(现在分词和过去分词), 动名词三种, 它们在句中可以充当主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语, 状语等, 具体细节参看第十一章.

三.使用实义动词时要注意的问题:

1.实义动词分为及物与不及物, 及物动词要求有宾语, 能用于被动语态; 不及物动词不能有宾语, 不能用于被动语态

2.实义动词还可分为持续动词与瞬间动词, 前者可以与表示段时间的时间状语连用, 而后者不可. 但瞬间动词的否定式表示“该动作没有发生”, 可视为一种可持续的状态, 并可与段时间状语连用

a. They watched the train leave for five minutes. ( watch是持续动词)

b. I received his letter yesterday. ( receive是瞬间动词)

c. How long have you joined the army ?(错误: joined是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用)

d. When did you join the army ? (正确)

e. How long have you been in the army ? (正确)

f. How long may I borrow the book ? (错误: borrow是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用)

g. How long may I keep the book ? (正确)

h. I haven’t received his letter for almost two months. (not receive表示“没有收到”, 这一意思可视为一种持续的状态, 因此可以和段时间two months连用)

四.短语动词的种类: 共有五种不同的短语动词

1. “动词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: depend on, look for

2. “动词+...