2016考研英语语法:让步状语从句
让步状语从句是状语从句的一种,一般翻译成"尽管"或"即使"。引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有though, although, while, as, even if, even though, whether...or..., no matter, regardless of, despite, in spite of等。下面我们就举几个简单的例子对其用法进行阐释。
AlthoughThough he got ill, he still insisted on working all day long. 虽然他病了,但他依然坚持一天工作。AlthoughThough引导让步状语从句时,区别甚微,Although比Though正式,一般情况可以互换。在上边句子中,主句中出现了still(仍然),而且在中文的翻译中,是"虽然,但是",但需要注意的是,出现这两个词的句子中,不能有but出现,但可以与yet,still连用。
Hard asthough he is, he fails in the end. Asthough引导让步状语从句,要以部分倒装形式出现,如上边句子,正常语序是Asthough he is hard, he fails in the end. Hard是表语成分,需要前置形成部分倒装。被倒装的成分可以是表语、状语或动词原形。
Even if/even though表示"即使、纵使"的意思。我们从下边两个句子中看看这两个连词的区别。Even if it rains tomorrow, we won't change our plan.即使明天下雨,我们也不会改变我们的计划。Even though the Chinese team has the least experience, they get the best.虽然中国队经验最少,但是他们取得了最好的成绩。由上可看出,Even if后接的句子发生在"明天",是未发生的事情,包含一种假设;Even though往往引导的事实是发生过的。
While引导让步状语从句时必须置于句首,这一用法比较好理解。While I know what you say, I can not agree with you.虽然我明白你说的,但我还是不能同意。While除了引导让步状语从句,还可以引导时间状语从句,其接的动词为延续性动词或表示状态的词;还可以表示前后的转折或对比。
Whether...or...引导让步状语从句,但这种从句也可以理解成"选择条件-让步状语从句"。Whether you like him or not, he will come tonight.不管你喜不喜欢他,他今晚都会来的。
"No matter+疑问词=疑问词-ever"引导的让步状语从句是比较常见的,需要注意的是"No matter+疑问词"只能引导让步状语从句,"疑问词-ever"还可以引导名词性从句,对于二者的区分,从例子中获取。Whatever you say, I will not believe you.(让步状语从句);I will see whatever you show me.(名词性从句)。区分二者,可以把从句去掉,看剩下的句子在意思上是否和原句一致,一致的是让步状语,不一致的是名词性从句。去掉之后分别是I will not believe you.和I will see.第一句和原句一致,第二句与原句存在偏差,因为句中状语成分不会影响整句意思。
复习巩固:
句子一:
With regard to Futurist poetry,however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be--even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right--it can hardly be classed as Literature.
the case is rather difficult是句子主干,rather是副词,相当地,修饰形容词difficult;with regard to Futurist poetry作状语,with regard to就...而言;however表明前后对比关系; for引导原因状语从句,解释难的原因,从句为it can hardly be classed as Literature,hardly是否定副词,几乎不;在原因状语从句中,whatever Futurist poetry may be--even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right是让步状语从句,even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right在句中充当状语,admitting that后接宾语从句the theory may be right,on which it is based是修饰the theory的定语从句。
参考翻译:然而就未来主义诗歌而言,情况就很难说了,因为不管未来主义诗歌是什么--即使承认其理论基础是正确的--也很难将其归为文学。
句子二:
Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans,he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no one had proposed to do so-and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.
句子主干是he ordered that...and asked...to...;Declaring that...现在分词作状语,that后接宾语从句;he ordered that后接宾语从句,order后跟虚拟语气,省略了should;连字符中间的句子作插入语,是although引导的让步状语从句;asked是与ordered并列的谓语动词,用法是ask sb.(experts) to do(report back), chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro过去分词做定语修饰experts,to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning做状语。
参考翻译:他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧技术来克隆人类,并下令不准使用联邦基金做此类实验--尽管也没有人建议这么做--他还请一个以普林斯顿大学校长哈罗德.夏皮罗为主席的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。
分析每一个考研英语中的长难句,首先要找出其中的句子主干是关键,就像一棵大树的主干,再看其他分支具体是做什么成分,在分析具体成分时需要对于这些状语、定语、补语有所了解,真题也是对这些知识的理解与巩固。
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