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中考英语《句型分类》知识点：双重否定句与排除否定句
双重否定句
句型19[主语+否定式谓语…+否定词/含否定意义的词+其他]
1. He doesn't lend his book to nobody. 2. You can't make something out of nothing.
3. I'll take it then. Not for nothing. I'll give you something in return.
4. I could not disobey him. Only one thing remained for me: to suffer and obey.
5. He was never dissatisfied with my work. 6. What's done cannot be undone.
7. This captain took a fancy to my conversation, which was not at all disagreeable at that time.
[注] 如果要用否定代词作主语，谓语要用肯定式。
Nothing is changeless. Nothing is without his faults. Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.
[主语+否定式谓语…+without+名词…/动名词]
句型20[(There be)+no+主语+词组或从句+without+名词…/动名词]
[It (或名词) is+否定词语+不定式+without+名词…/动名词]
1. We can live without food or water for some days, but without air we cannot live even a few minutes.
2. At the beginning of learning English he could not speak it without making mistakes.
3. There is no right to speak without investigation. 4. No gains without pains.
5. (There is) No sweet without (some) sweat.
6. Without revolutionary theory there can be no revolutionary movement.
7. Without knowledge of science and technology it is impossible to build socialism.
8. It is impossible for your team to win without constant training.
[注1] 由第二式的省略 "no…without…"进一步紧缩的结果，便产生 "no…no…" 简略式，主要用于谚语格言。例如：No pains, no gains. No law, no liberty. No investigation, no right to speak. Nothing venture, nothing have. (nothing是no的派生词)
[注2] "not without…" 表示"不无…"、"不是没有…"的意思，是一种委婉的说法。
例如：Not without reason / not without some doubt I have brought back your man-not without risk and danger.
句型21[主语+ cannot+help/ refrain from/ keep from+动名词…]
1. Though Laurence had promised Keith not to see Wanda, he could not help going to her.
2. He (Shylock) could not help showing his pleasure. 3. I can't help admiring it whenever I look at it.
4. I could not refrain from retorting to hear such a lie. 5. I cannot keep from laughing to hear such a story.
句型22[主语+ cannot+but/ choose but/ help but+动词原形…]
1. "You cannot but feel already that it is useless staying here… you will have to go farther."
2. I can not but admire his courage. 3. We cannot (choose) but read books to increase our knowledge.
4. They cannot but admit that in certain aspects of science and technology we are away ahead of them.
句型23[主句(否定结构)+从句(否定结构)]
1. Nothing was useful which was not honest. 2. Nothing can be wholly beautiful that is not useful.
3. I have never committed one act that was not in the interests of my people.
4. Bassanio, in his grief, replied that there was nothing he would not sacrifice.
句型24[(There be) No+ 主语+ but+ 谓语+ 其他]
1. There is no man but has his faults. 2. (There is) Nobody but has his faults. 3. No one but can do it.
4. There is no rule but has exceptions. 5. There is nobody but knows this matter.
句型25[第一分句(否定式谓语)+but +第二分句(肯定式谓语)]
1. It never rains but it pours.(=It never rains without pouring.)
2. I never see you but I think of my brother. 3. They never meet but they discuss this problem.
4. She never comes but she brings something for the children.
[注] 汉语中的双重否定句译成英语时不一定用双重否定句。"知无不言，言无不尽。"-- Say all you know and say it without reserve. "这样的人是没有不摔跤的。"-- Such people are bound to trip and fall.
排除否定句
句型26[主语+谓语+ beyond/ beyond the fact that…]
1. He did nothing beyond writing one letter.
2. He did not really know what he was going to say, beyond that the situation demanded something romantic.
3. Of Oliver Edwards, nothing, I believe, is known beyond the fact that he had been at Pembroke College with Johnson.
句型27[主语+谓语+ but/ but that/ barring…]
1. No one knows it but you and I. 2. He did nothing but wait for the result.
3. I have no secret of success but hard work.
4. I couldn't see but that the soldiers would fight and die for the sake of their country.
5. Who but he would do such a thing?
6. The meeting will be held next Tuesday barring unforeseen factors.
句型28[主语+谓语+except/ except that/ except for/ excepting/ …]
1. Everyone is ready except you.
2. No man ever became great or good except through many and great mistakes.
3. Except a living man there is nothing more wonderful than a book.
4. We lay there along time in silence, except that Webb groaned every now and then.
5. She is absolutely alone except for her son.
6. All the splendid furniture of his late residence had been sold, excepting his wife's harp.
句型29[主语+谓语+apart from/ aside from/ exclusive of/ with the exclusion of…]
1. Apart from the question of expense, it is too late. 2. Aside from this statement, he refused to talk.
3. The building will cost about 2,500,000 Yuan, exclusive of the machinery equipment.
4. The Canal system in China is the most extensive in the world with the exclusion of Netherland.
句型30[主语+谓语+save/ save that/ save for/ saving/ saving that…]
1. I do entreat you, not a man departs, save I alone, till antonym has spoken.
2. In this life we get nothing save by effort.
3. At this hour the great tunnel was quiet save when a train roared above.
4. All is lost save honor. 5. Saving his eyesight, he was as well as ever.
6. The bar was empty save for the landlord.
7. Saving that he failed in Latin, he did well.
句型31[主语+谓语+only that/ other than…]
1. I have nothing against him, only that I dislike his manner.
2. "Is anything the matter with Madeline?" - "No, papa, only I have got a headache."
3. It was fortified on all sides other than this.
4. You will generally suffer for wishing to appear other than what you are; whether it be greater, or more learned.
[注1] besides和apart from兼有"除外"和"包括"的意思。I care for nothing besides (apart from) this. (多用于否定句)
Apart from (Besides) English, he is also well versed in Russian. (多用于带有also等副词的肯定句)
[注2] in addition to有"包括"的意思, 如: In addition to John's being blamed for this, he was blamed also for breaking the window.
加强否定句
句型32[主语+强调词语+否定词+谓语动词+其他]
1. Hurling insults and threats is certainly not fighting. 2. It simply will not do!
3. We must not become complacent over any success.
4. We absolutely must not relax our will. 5. The nature of wolves will never change.
6. Without the Communist Party I should assuredly not be what I am today.
句型33[主语+be+ the last+名词+不定式…/从句]
1. For it was Oliver, his cruel brother-the last person Orlando would have expected to find there.
2. He is the last person to do such a thing. 3. This is the last place where I expected to have met you.
4. Breach of promise is the last thing that he is likely to commit.
句型34[主语+谓语肯定式+含否定词语的成语+其他][主语+谓语否定式+含不定词语的成语+其他]
1. At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
2. Young people should on no account (=should not on any account) neglect their daily physical exercise.
3. We have ideals, but we are by no means visionaries. 4. He will in no wise give up study.
[注] 其他加强否定的方式：1. […be anything but…] (决不是) He is anything but a scholar.
2. [(There is) no+ V-ing] (决不可) There is no denying the fact. = It is absolutely impermissible to deny the fact. 因此语意比下句强，"It is impossible to deny the fact."
句型35[主语+否定式谓语+微量词+名词+其他]
1. We must never for a moment divorce ourselves from the masses.
2. The mother did not have a wink of sleep the whole night on account of the child's high fever.
3. He did not breathe a single word about it.
4. Though I have walked twenty miles, I am not a bit tired.
5. The little boy is do full of energy that he refused to stay put for any length of time.
[注] 表示微量词的词组中以 in the least为最常见，不少的微量词可用它代替。如：
I am not in the least tired. I was not surprised in the least. That boy was not in the least afraid of the snake.
句型36[...否定词+名词+大范围词语...]
1. There will be no difficulty in the world which they cannot overcome.
2. The doctor was writing a book, but it went on so slowly that it would not be finished within a thousand years.
3. "Don't you dance?"-"I'm the world's worst dancer."
4. He was not at all confused. 5. It is of no value at all.
6. This is a historical trend no force on earth can hold back.
[附注1] 与汉语中的否定式相对应的英语不一定要用否定式。如："很不好"，不能译成英语的"very not good", 应换一种说法， "This is very bad.", "It is not good at all." 汉语"这事我一点也不知道"可译作 "I am quite in the dark about the matter."或 "About this I knew nothing." 汉语"我很不喜欢喝酒。"可译作为 "I dislike wine very much."或 "I am not a bit interested in wine./I don't like wine at all./I am the last person to like wine.
其次要注意分析。汉语"一窍不通"，是缩小否定数量的说法，最好译成 "be utterly ignorant"或 "not know the ABC of…/know nothing of… 又如"世界上一切事物无不具有两重性"，这里有几个强调的词语："世界上"，"一切事物"，"无不"。"一切事物"不能用all/all things, 因此只能用缩小量的说法。 "There is not a single thing in the world without a dual nature."
[附注2] 一般说来，只要需要，所有的肯定句都可以改为否定句，但一定要依照前面所介绍的各种句型的要求。此外，还应考虑以下几点：
1) 逻辑上说不过去的不能改为否定句。Where is Mary? 不能改为 where isn't Mary?
2) 句型要求不能用否定式的。How hard-working he is! 不能改为 how hard-working he isn't!
3) 除句型28中列举的一些强调词语有分工外，以下词语只用于肯定句，否定句应采用括号中相对应的异根同义词。Some (not…any); too (not…either); so (neither, no more); a long way (not…far); a lot of/plenty of/a great deal of/a good deal of… (not…much of); as…as (not so…as); already still (not yet/ not any more/no more/ no longer…)
1. I have got some. → I haven't got any. 2. I see a great deal of him. → I didn't see much of him.
3. We went a long way. → We didn't go far. 4. I will do so still. → I'll not do so any more.
4) 注意may, must, need, can (could) 在肯定句与否定句中的含义变化，对应关系也会出现交错现象。
A. 表示许可用may (口语中常用can); 表示禁止通常用must not, 有时也用may not 语气较委婉。
"May (Can) I smoke here?" - "Yes, you may (can)." 或"No, you must not." 或 "You may not smoke here."
B. 表示责任、义务或必要时用must, 否定式只能用need not
"Must we hand in our homework today?" - "Yes, you must. No, you needn't."
C. 表示推测指"可能"时，用must; 指"不可能"，"不一定"时用cannot/could not, 有时也用may not, 口气较委婉，意为"也许不"。 That must be a mistake. No, it cannot be a mistake. It must not be a mistake
D. 表示推测也常用may，指"可能";否定式同上。 He may be right/ He cannot be right. He may not be right.
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