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2021考研英语句型:四类定语从句
一、前置法
把定语从句翻译到它所修饰的先行词前面,常常用“的”来连接。(定语从句较短,结构简单)
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.
没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.
太空和海洋是科学家们正努力探索的新世界。
二、后置法
把定语从句翻译在所修饰的先行词后面,翻译为并列分句,关系词可以翻译为先行词或者与先行词相对应的代词。英语的英语从句结构常常比较复杂,如果翻译在其修饰的先行词前面的话,会显得定语太臃肿,而无法叙述清楚。
Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area.
他虽然经验不足,但很有进取心和创造力,而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。
三、状译法
有些定语从句,在逻辑上与主句有状语关系,表示原因、条件、结果、让步等,译成汉语中相对应的逻辑关系,翻译为状语从句。
He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for.
他坚持再买一幢房子,尽管他用不着。
四、融合法
前三种翻译方法在考研英语翻译中会经常使用,而最后一种方法-融合法不太常用,仅供大家了解。
把主句和定语从句融合成一个简单句,其中定语从句译成简单句中的谓语部分。
In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.
在我们工厂里,许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。
There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
楼下有人要见你。
2021考研英语句型:4种强调句型
一、强调表语
More serious was the problem of environmental pollution.
更为严重的是环境污染问题。(直接按照英语顺序翻译)
Very strange the thing seemed.这件事情好像很奇怪。
二、强调状语
At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use or menace to use nuclear weapons.
在任何时候和任何情况下,中国都不会首先使用或威胁使用核武器。(直接按照英语的顺序翻译)
Never will they give up the struggle for freedom and peace.
他们绝对不会放弃为自由和和平而斗争。(把状语还原到谓语动词前面翻译)
三、强调宾语补足语
Electronic computers make possible the fast complicated calculation.电子计算机使快速进行复杂计算成为可能。(把possible还原为到宾语后面)
A scandal people call the whole matter.人们把这件事称为丑闻。(把a scandal还原为到宾语后面)
四、强调宾语
Such good students we have never seen.
像这样好的学生,我们还从来没有见过。(直接按照英语顺序翻译)
Not a word did she say the whole two hours.
整整两个小时她一句话也没有说。(把宾语还原到谓语动词后面翻译)
2021考研英语词汇:四类词做插入语结构
一、形容词短语作插入语
一般翻译为“…的是,…”这样的结构。
I slept late yesterday morning; worse still, my bike was out of order.
昨天早上我起得晚。更糟糕的是,我的自行车坏了。
Strange enough, he doesn’t know that famous writer.
奇怪的是,他竟然不知道那位著名的作家。
二、副词插入语
Incidentally, your proposal has been put to the discussion at the meeting.
顺便说一句,你的建议已经提交会议进行讨论了。
He was luckier, however, because he was only slightly wounded.
然而,他比较幸运,因为他只是受了点轻伤。
He is young. He has much experience in teaching English, though.
他很年轻,但是他有丰富的英语教学经验。
三、介词短语作插入语
in conclusion(总之,最后),in fact(事实上),in effect(实际上),in my opinion(依我我看来,我认为),in other words(换句话说,换言之),in short(简言之),all in all(总而言之),as a matter of fact(事实上),as a result(结果),at worst(在最坏的情况下),by the way(顺便说一句),first of all(首先),for example(例如),to my delight(让我高兴的是),to one’s amazement(使某人惊讶的是),to one’s deep regret(使某人深感遗憾的是),to one’s relief(使某人感到欣慰的是),to one’s surprise(使某人感到吃惊的是)等。
China, in fact, has caught up with and surpassed the world advanced levels in many respects.
事实上,中国已经在许多方面赶上和超过了世界先进水平。
What happen to him, by the way?
顺便问一句,他后来怎么样了?
All in all, her condition is greatly improved.
总之,他的健康状况已经大大的改善了。
四、不定式短语作插入结构
to say the least of it(至少可以这样说),needless to say(不用说),strange to say(说来奇怪),to conclude(总之,最后),so to speak(可以这样说),to tell you the truth(老实对你说),to be frank(说句实话),to begin with(首先),to start with(首先),to be more exact(更确切地说),to sum up(总之,概括地说),to put it briefly(简单说来),to put it in another way(换句话说),to make a long story short(长话短说),to be sure(可以肯定的说),to be specific(具体说来),to be precise(准确地说),to speak frankly(坦白地说)等等。
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