考研英语备考很多事情都要提上日程了,看看哪些是该注意的,下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2021考研英语:阅读的首句分析法”,持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!
2021考研英语:阅读的首句分析法
英语国家的人习惯开门见山,因此文章的中心句很多时候会出现在首句。所以大家一定要重点阅读文章的首句,以及各段落的首句。例如2006年真题text 2:
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.
开篇第一句就是:Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. 这是首段的主题句,也是引出了全文的主题。把握了这个主题,也就了解全文的中心:这个小镇上只有一个产业,却有两个明显敌对的分支。转折处一般是文章强调的重点,所以下文必定会围绕着两个分支展开,There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC),.... And there are the townsfolk ....所以,考生完全可以循着“主题”这个线索走下去,如果讨论该主题的几个段落都已确定,再考虑其他主题。当然,句际关系和段际关系也会发生改变,这时就需要有段落之间及上下句之间的逻辑关系词。段际关系可能是顺接关系、转折关系、例证关系或对比与对照关系等。
英语文章的段落有长有短,考生需要能概括出段落大意,如有可能,可以用汉语迅速将段落大意写出来。如果时间紧张,考生一般可以将重要的句子划出来,标记出关键信息,但切记不要划的太多,否则连自己都不知道哪个是重点句子了。
阅读是考研英语的“重头戏”,也是考生需要花费最多的时间和精力的模块,建议大家要在基础阶段就开始投入阅读文章的学习和训练,切实提高阅读理解能力。
2021年考研英语:阅读的精读办法
一、理论基础
考研阅读的真题都来自于诸如 The Economists, Scientific American, New York Times, The Gardian 等西方主流的报刊杂志。这些杂志上刊登的文章通常是关于社会生活,政治经济、科教文卫方面的比较科学,严谨的文章。而文章的体裁通常以议论文居多。一篇议论文通常是有论点和论据构成的。论点是作者想要论述的观点,论据是为了证明所提出的观点的。
一篇文章中,哪些是论点,哪些是论据,我们必须要有清晰的认识。从重要性上来说,论点的的重要性远远大于论据。所以对于我们读文章来说,显然论点是重要的的,需要重点读的,而论据是次要的,可以略读或者不读的。
二、操作方式
那么,如何去判断哪些是论点,哪些是论据呢?从位置上来说,文章论点常常的文章开头的第一或第二段提出,段落论点常常的段首句或转折句,极个别的情况下出现在段尾句。从句子长度来说通常论点的句子比较简短。论据常常是一些举例或者引用的东西,往往还有一些时间,数据,人名,地名,机构名词之类特别具体的信息。
更具体的来说,文章中需要重点精读的内容为:段首句,转折句,根据题干定位的句子。
可以略读或者不读的内容包括:
有关职务、头衔、社会地位等补充性说明;通常这些信息是出现在人名,机构名词之后的定语或同位语。
② 两个逗号之间或两个破折号之间的插入语;
③句中破折号、冒号后面的旁支信息;
④复杂的难句中除了主、谓、宾以外的其他辅助信息;(除非与解题有关)
⑤出现for example/instance, 大写字母、数字等信息的内容
⑥对名人言论的引用的具体内容
三、实例分析
以1997年阅读理解第三篇文章为例,我们把可以略读的内容用下划线标示出来,那么结果如下:
Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes,” makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.
Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.
It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America’s inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.
Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack. America’s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment -- the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.
Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
2021考研英语:阅读全面复习的方法
一、没有一个核心词不认识
在真题中背单词,效果就最好的,但有一点大家要注意:考研英语并不要求考生有大量的词汇储备,只要求考生能掌握核心词汇的一次多义、熟词僻意和衍生词义,而这些都是可以通过真题超精读来实现的。
二、没有一个句子是难句
在备考过程中,考生如果能够做到从考研真题中任意挑出一个句子,就能够立刻看懂它,并能够立刻将其翻译成汉语,那么大家的基本功就十分扎实了。
三、全文翻译,落实到纸笔
在掌握了词汇和难句之后,考生可以尝试着对真题文章,尤其是阅读理解PartA部分进行精翻。一方面可以提高自己的翻译能力,为考研试卷的翻译部分打下坚实的基础(特别是英语二的同学,英语二的翻译部分占据了整张试卷的15%);另一方面也可以加深对文章的理解。但是很多同学翻译只停留在“口头”或“脑海”层面,这样效果不好,建议大家一定要落实到纸笔之上,因为落实到纸笔对大家每一个词句翻译的精确程度都是很高的,只有这样子才能够不断夯实自己词汇和语法基础。此外,很多同学翻译完之后总是感觉自己的译文不是很通畅,与参考答案很难对得上。这是正常的,因为参考答案都是老师翻译的,并且很多地方都是意译的,考生只要能够将文章大意弄懂,翻译通顺、流畅即可。
四、透析命题思路,掌握选项规律,弄懂正确选项为什么对,错误选项为什么错
考研英语的选项设置理念就是用一些错误的选项迷惑考生,从而考查考生对文章的理解和推理判断能力。因此,考生要不断地修正自己的做题思路,让自己的思路和命题专家的思路高度一致;不仅要知道正确选项为什么对,而且还有弄明白错误选项为什么错。只有经过认真思考、系统准备才能够达到你的眼里只要正确答案的境界。
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