2020考研英语备考

　　考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语备考：翻译试题精解(七)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2020考研英语备考：翻译试题精解(七)

　　相对论

　　Relativity theory has had a profound influence on our picture of matter by forcing us to modify our concept of a particle in an essential way. (47)In classical physics, the mass of an object had always been associated with an indestructible material substance, with some “stuff” of which all things were thought to be made. Relativity theory showed that mass has nothing to do with any substance, but is a form energy. Energy, however, is a dynamic quantity associated with activity, or with processes.(48)The fact that the mass of a particle is equivalent to a certain of energy means that the particle can no longer be seen as a static object, but has to be conceived as a dynamic pattern, a process involving the energy which manifest itself as the particle’s mass.

　　(49)This new view of particles was initiated by Dirac when he formulated a relativistic equation describing the behavior of electrons. Dirac’s theory was not only extremely successful in accounting for the fine details of atomic structure, but also revealed a fundamental symmetry between matter and anti-matter. It predicted the existence of an anti-matter with the same mass as the electron but with an opposite charge. This positively charged particle, now called the positron, was indeed discovered two years after Dirac had predicted it...

　　考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语备考：翻译难点解析(一)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2020考研英语备考：翻译难点解析(一)

　　被动语态翻译法

　　1) 变为汉语的主动形式。

　　Eg:

　　It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物：要么像对待人类自身一样关切体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。

　　2) 译成具有被动意义的汉语结构。

　　Eg:

　　For all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.尽管计算机可以提供那么多的帮助，它却不应该被看作是基本的思维和推理技巧的替代物。

　　Eg:

　　How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.这些?将在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实取决于所用信息的数量、可靠程度、适宜程度以及用来解释这些信息的技巧与才智。

　　3) 增添“人们”、“大家”等适当的词做汉语译文的主语。

　　Eg:

　　And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.许多人认为普通人的思维活动根本无法和科学家的思维过程想比较，他们并认为这些思维过程须经过某中专门训练才能掌握。

　　Eg:

　　During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。

　　考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语备考：翻译难点解析(三)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2020考研英语备考：翻译难点解析(三)

　　一、反译法

　　一个问题有时可以从不同的角度来解释说明。有些句子英语是从正面说的，汉语可以从反面来解释。

　　1)否定译成肯定。

　　Eg:

　　I never passed the theatre but I thought of his last performance.每一次经过那家剧院，我都会想起他的最后一次演出。

　　Eg:

　　Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U.S. citizens.美国公民科盲日益严重，这种调查报告几乎月月都有。(双重否定)

　　2)肯定译成否定。

　　Eg:

　　Everyone has the right to be free from hunger.人人有不挨饿的权利。

　　Eg:

　　This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.这种困境将是确定无疑的，[来源：考研加油绽]因为能源的匮乏使农业无法以高能量消耗、投入少数农民就可能获得高产的美国耕种方式继续下去了。

　　Eg:

　　The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。

　　二、几种特殊否定句式的翻译法

　　“no more…than翻译成汉语“和……一样不”

　　Eg:

　　The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.脏和胃一样不能思维，都受大脑支配。

　　Eg:

　　There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink.他们没有理由限定你吃多少维生素，就如同...

　　考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语备考：翻译难点解析(二)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2020考研英语备考：翻译难点解析(二)

　　一、分译法

　　英语长句子比较多，汉语句子相对而言比较短。在翻译时可以改变原文结构，把原文的某个成分从原来的结构中分离出来，译成一个独立成分、从句或并列分句。

　　Eg: It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.这个局势对国际安全是个威胁，这样的说法是完全正确的。

　　二、合译法

　　和分译法不同，合译法是将不同的句子成分组合在一起，使其更符合汉语的表达方法。Eg:

　　Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.他们说科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普遍的东西。(将英语的一个句子结构翻译成一个词组)

　　Eg:

　　When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.这种反应并不错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应得到鼓励，而不是遭到嘲笑。(When that happens, it is not a mistake原来是两个句子，现在组合成一个简洁的汉语句子。)

　　三、顺序调整法

　　一般来说，翻译时应该按照句子原来的顺序进行，但由于英汉两种语言中定语、状语和一些其他成分的位置不完全相同，翻译时需要做一定的调整(例如采用倒译法)，使其更符合汉语的习惯。

　　Eg:

　　The true measure of the danger is represented by the hazards we will encounter if we enter the new age of technology without first evaluating our responsibility to environment.如果我们进入了技术新时代而不首先估价我们对环境所负的责任，我们将遇到公害，这些公害将表明危险真正达到了什么程度。

　　Eg:

　　That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavio...

　　考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语备考：翻译难点解析(四)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2020考研英语备考：翻译难点解析(四)

　　一、定语从句翻译法

　　1)合译法:把定语从句放在被修饰的词语之前，从而将英语复合句翻译成汉语单句。

　　Eg:

　　Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 countries that receive U.S. aid.国会公布了关于接受美国援助的105个国家的人权情况调查报告。

　　2)分译法:根据定语从句的不同情况，我们可以将其翻译成并列分句、其它从句或独立句等。

　　Eg:

　　Anyone who stops absorbing new knowledge is certain to lag behind.任何人如果停止吸取新知识，就肯定会落后。(译为条件状语从句)

　　The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats.罢工会使远洋航船不能靠岸，因为他们需要拖船的帮助。(译成原因状语从句)

　　A geological prospecting engineer who had made a spectral analysis of ores discovered a new open-cut coalmine.一位地质勘探工程师对光谱进行了分析之后,发现了新的露天煤矿。(译为时间状语结构)

　　The delivery of public services has tended to be an area where we decorate an obsolete process with technology.公共服务的提供方式已趋陈旧，这正是我们须采用技术加以装备的领域。(译为并列分句)

　　We now live in a very new economy, a service economy, where relationships are becoming more important than physical products.现在我们正生活于一种全新的经济，即服务性经济中，各种关系越来越比物质产品更为重要。(译为并列分句)

　　二、主语从句翻译法

　　1)以that, what, who, where, whatever等代词引导的主语从句，可以将从句翻译成“的”字结构。

　　Eg:It is important that science and technology be pushed forward as quickly as possible.重要的是要把科学技术搞上去。

　　Whoever breaks the law will be punished.凡是犯法的人都要受到法律的制裁。(主语从句与主句合译成简单句，按顺序译出)

　　2...

　　考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语备考：翻译难点解析(五)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2020考研英语备考：翻译难点解析(五)

　　一、宾语从句翻译法

　　由that, what, how, where等词引导的宾语从句一般按照原文顺序翻译,即顺译法。

　　Eg:

　　Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged.科学家们有理由认为人可以忍受远超过0.1雷姆的辐射而不受伤害。

　　Eg:

　　We wish to inform you that we specialize in the export of Chinese textiles and shall be glad to enter into business relations with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.我公司专门办理中国纺织品出口业务，并愿在平等互利的基础上同贵公司建立业务关系。

　　二、状语从句翻译法

　　1)顺译法:按照原文顺序翻译。

　　Eg:

　　If the negotiations between the rich nations and the poor nations make headway, it is intended that a ministerial session in December should be arranged.如果富国和穷国之间的谈判获得进展的话，就打算在12月份安排召开部长级会议。

　　2)逆译法:把位于句末的从句放在句首。

　　Eg:

　　Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.显然，如果计算机给出的全部答案均需要核查，花钱买计算机就毫无意义。不过，人们也应该信赖自身内部的计算能力，在认为计算机有问题时进行复查。

　　3)分译法:有时也可以译为并列句。

　　Eg:　Electricity is such an important energy that modern industry couldn’t develop without it.电是一种非常重要的能量，没有它，现代化工业就不能发展。(原文由such…that…引导的结果状语从句译为汉语的并列句)。

　　推荐阅读：

　　考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语备考：精选长难句翻译100句(一)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2020考研英语备考：精选长难句翻译100句(一)

　　1. Looking beyond the 10-year period， the botanists estimate that some 3，000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future&mdashmore than 10 percent of the approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States.

　　在展望10年后的情况时植物学家们估计，在未来可预见到的时间内，3 000种本地植物&mdash&mdash占美国近25 000种植物的10%&mdash&mdash将可能灭绝。

　　2. The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration， because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations.?

　　野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙，当然不能被看做是一种探险行为，因为，这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地，以躲避气候的季节性变化。

　　3. Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits： it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn‘t traditionally have can improve the nutritional value of products and can produce cheaper and more environmentally?friendly fertilizers.

　　转基因食物的倡导者指出，用生物技术生产食物有很多益处：它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度，并使它们具有所要求的特点它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征可以改进食物的营养价值可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。

　　4. What makes this debate unique is that every meal we eat is at its very core. And that fact means one thing： it‘s an issue to be discus...

　　考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语备考：精选长难句翻译100句(二)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2020考研英语备考：精选长难句翻译100句(二)

　　21. Interface with the Business Development Support Group to assist in developing strategic communication plans for new business development， working with government relations and protocol specialist in supporting visits from various external stakeholders.?

　　与业务开发支持部门协调，协助制定交际策略方案，开发新业务帮助协调与政府的关系，同礼仪专家一道负责接待与公司有密切关系的外来造访者。

　　22. External communications experience in a media， corporate or agency setting， knowledge of media and communications vehicles and the fundamental principles of journalism and public relations， successful project management experience， with excellent communication and interpersonal skills.?

　　有在媒体机构、公司或代理机构负责对外交际工作的经验，熟悉各种媒体和交际手段，熟知新闻和公共关系方面的基本原理，具有项目管理的顺利经验，具有优良的交际和人际关系处理技能。?

　　23. In many states this year， budget requests by state universities have had to be scaled back or frozen， while tuition， the share of the cost borne by the students themselves， has gone up&mdashin some cases faster than the rate of inflation.?

　　今年，在许多州，州立大学的预算不得不减少或冻结，而学费&mdash&mdash学生所承担的费用&mdash&mdash却上升了，在某些情况下上升得比通货膨胀率还要快。?

　　24. So it was against this backdrop that members of the National Governors Association came together in this New England city this past week to discuss issues of common concern， one being higher education.?

　　所以，正是在这种背景下，全国州长协会在过去的一周里聚...