英语改错

摘要：省略法是指在翻译中，原文中有些词在译文中可以省略，不必翻译出来。因为译文中虽然没有这个词，但是已经具有了原文这个词所表达的意思，或者这个词在译文中的意义是不言而喻的。省略的目的在于使译文更加通顺流畅，

省略法是指在翻译中，原文中有些词在译文中可以省略，不必翻译出来。因为译文中虽然没有这个词，但是已经具有了原文这个词所表达的意思，或者这个词在译文中的意义是不言而喻的。省略的目的在于使译文更加通顺流畅，更符合译文习惯。但需要注意的是，省略并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去，省略不能改变原文的意义。现从语法角度和修辞角度分别举例探讨省略法：

一、从语法角度来看

（一）省代词

1．省略作主语的人称代词

（1）省略作主语的人称代词

根据汉语习惯，前句出现一个主语，后句如仍为同一主语，就不必重复出现。英语中通常每句都有主语，因此人称代词作主语往往多次出现，这种人称代词汉译时常常可以省略。

I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice.

我有很多美妙的想法，但是只把少数付诸实践了。

He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.

他瘦弱憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。

（2）英语中，泛指人称代词作主语时，即使是作第一个主语，在汉语译文中往往也可以省略。

We live and learn.

活到老，学到老。

When will he arrive?—You can never tell.

他什么时候到？——说不准。

The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain.

人生的意义不在于已经获取的，而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。

2．省略作宾语的代词

英语中有些作宾语的代词，不管前面是否提到过，翻译时往往可以省略。

The more he tried to hide his mistakes, the more he revealed them.

他越是想要掩盖他的错误，就越是容易暴露。

Please take off the old picture and throw it away.

请把那张旧画取下来扔掉。

3．省略物主代词

英语句子中的物主代词出现的频率相当高。一个句子往往会出现好几个物主代词，如果将每个物主代词都翻译出来，那么汉语译文就显得非常罗嗦。所以在没有其他人称的物主代词出现的情况下，在翻译时物主代词大多被省略。

I put my hand into my pocket.

我把手放进口袋。

She listened to me with her rounded eyes.

她睁大双眼，听我说话。

（二）代词it的省略

it起着代词的作用，在译文中，当它被用作非人称或没有意义...

摘要：所谓增词法，就是在翻译时按意义上（或修辞上）和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。用增词法翻译技巧的目的是为了更加准确、通顺和完整的表达原文的内容。当然不能无中生有地随意增词，而是

所谓增词法，就是在翻译时按意义上（或修辞上）和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。用增词法翻译技巧的目的是为了更加准确、通顺和完整的表达原文的内容。当然不能无中生有地随意增词，而是增加原文中虽无其词而有其意的一些词。

英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不尽相同，有些词在英语中可以省略而不会影响全句意思的完整表达，但是翻译成汉语后就可能出现意思不够明确或者句子不够通顺的现象；还有一些词，虽然在英语原文中意义明确而完整，但是翻译成汉语后却不通顺。在这种情况下，就需要使用增词法的翻译技巧。

一、增加原文中省略的部分

（一）增补回答句中省略的词语

Do you like sport? Yes, I do.

你喜欢体育运动吗？是的，我喜欢体育运动。

Shall I bring you a dictionary or an encyclopedia? Both, please.

给你带一本词典来还是带一本百科全书来？请把两样都带来。

Are you tired? Not very.

你累了吗？不太累。

（二）增补并列结构中省略的词语

We don’t retreat, we never have and never will。

我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不后退。（we never have and never will=we never have retreated and never will retreat）

A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.

愚人会很快忘记说过的话，智者会很快放弃手里的钱。（a man of genius and his money=a man of genius and his money are soon parted）

Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。

（三）增补表示逻辑关系或者平衡结构的词语

有时候英语原文中并没有表达逻辑关系的词语，但根据上文可以判断出其隐含的逻辑关系，如假设、让步、因果关系等，在翻译时要适当加以补充。

Without a sense of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected?

如果对自己的错误都不能认识到，怎么能指望你会悔改呢？

Suppose the preparatory work should not be completed.

假设准备工作完成不了，那可怎么办？

Since air has weight, it exerts f...

摘要：家长和孩子，你问我答， 互动学习，一起进步！ 重点掌握的句型 1. What s your name? My name is John. 2. What s his name? His name is Mike. 3. Hi, Mike, how are you? I m fine, thanks. 4. Nice to meet y

初中英语期中考试复习

初中英语期中考试专题为您提供初中英语期中考试题及期中英语考试总结，包括初三英语期……[详细]

中考英语交际运用 36个考试热点总结

家长和孩子，你问我答， 互动学习，一起进步！

重点掌握的句型

1. What’s your name? My name is John.

2. What’s his name? His name is Mike.

3. Hi, Mike, how are you? I’m fine, thanks.

4. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.

5. Pleased to meet you. Pleased to meet you, too

6. Where are you from? I am from China.

7. Are you from America? Yes, I am/ No, I’m not.

8. Where is Kate from? She is from Canada.

9. Where are they from? They are from Australia.

10. Are they from Australia? No, they aren’t./Yes, they are.

11. Let’s ask him. Let me ask her.

12. What’s this in Eng lish? It’s a red car.

13. What’re these in English? They are bananas.

14. Are they apples? Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t

15. Is it blue? Yes, it is./ No, it is.

16. What color is the skirt? It is yellow.

17. Where’s my English book? It’s in your desk.

18. Where&rsquo...

摘要： 英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。 句型一：主语+不及

初中英语期中考试复习

初中英语期中考试专题为您提供初中英语期中考试题及期中英语考试总结，包括初三英语期……[详细]

中考英语交际运用 36个考试热点总结

英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。

句型一：主语+不及物动词

不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念， 不需要宾语及补语， 但有时可有副词， 介词短语等状语修饰语。

e.g. The rain stopped .

The old man walks in the park .

句型一的扩展：1.主语+不及物动词+状语

e.g. The machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。)

2.There +不及物动词+主语

e.g. There is some milk in the bottle .

There comes the bus .

3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式

e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作休息)

特别提醒

动词stop 可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时，通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。

e.g. They stopped taking a rest .

句型二 ：主语+系动词+表语

系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没，需要形容词，名词，介词短语等来补充说明主语，也叫主语补语。

e.g. My sister is a nurse .

I feel quite hungry .

The ball is under the desk .

句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语

及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语），才可以表达一个完整的意念。

e.g. We are learn...

相见时难别亦难，友情再深终有一别。不要忧伤，不要难过。我们既然要离开，就得学会用地道的英语来委婉地表达我们的离别之意。
[典型表达]
I’m afraid I must be leaving now.
我恐怕得告辞了。
I must be off now.我必须得走了。
It’s time I met my brother. I have to go now.是我去见我哥哥的时候了，我现在得走了。
I’m sorry I have to go now. 对不起我得走了。
I think it’s time for us to leave now.
我想现在是我们告辞的时候了。
It was nice meeting you.=Nice to have met you.
遇见你真是太好了。
[案例探究]
—It’s getting late. I’m afraid I must be going now.
—OK. _______ (全国卷2004)
A. Take it easy.
B. Go slowly.
C. Stay longer.
D. See you.
答案与解析: D。客人道别，主人同意,然后道别.
[巩固练习]
1. —I’m afraid I have to say goodbye to you.
—_______.
A. I’m sorry
B. That’s all right
C. Never mind
D. I wish you could stay longer
2. —It’s late. I’d like to say goodbye.
—_______.
A. Please stay more a while
B. That’s all right
C. Hope you had a good time. See you tomorrow
D. I’ll miss you
Key: 1-2 DC

begin ?

［误］ The meeting will begin from Monday.?

［正］ The meeting will begin on Monday.?

［误］ The film has begun for ten minutes.?

［正］ The film has been on for ten minutes.?

［析］ begin是瞬间动词，所以它的完成时态不能接表示一段时间的状语，如：The film has begun. 这句话是对的，即"电影已经开始"。但要讲已经开始10分钟了则要用has been on即"上演了10分钟"。?

begin、start ?

begin与start两词后面加不定式或动名词都可以，且意思并无区别，但在表达习惯时接动名词的用法较多，如：How old wern you when you first started learning English?但这两个词的进行时态中则多用不定式，如：I was beginning to get hungry. 但如果句子的主语是物而不是人，则多用不定式，如：The ice began to melt. It started to get dark before we got to school. 当动词是表达某种心理状态时，要用不定式，如：The student began to understand his mistakes.?

［误］ They study hard in the class from the beginning to the end.?

［正］ They study hard in the class from beginning to end.?

［析］ from beginning to end是习惯用法，即自始至终，不要加冠词，但如单独使用则要加冠词，例如：At the beginning,the teacher gave us an exam.?

behind ?

［误］ He missed the class because he was behind the time.?

［正］ He missed the class because he was behind time.?

［析］ behind time一短语意为"晚了"，而behind the times意为"落后于时代"。behind是介词同时又是副词，如Come out from behind the door(介词). He's a long way behind(副词). He fell behind with his classmates(副词).?

below ?

［误］ What's that below the chair.?

［正］ What's that under the chair.?

1.She doesn’t want to drink milk now.

She doesn’t ______ ______ ______ milk now.

2.Florence Nightingale was a nurse. She came from a rich family.

Florence Nightingale was a nurse ______ ______ ______ ______.

2. Do you often dream?

Do you often ______ ______ ______ ?

3. They told the boy not to pick flowers.

They ______ the boy ______ ______ flowers.

4. It’s time for our lunch.

It’s time for ______ ______ ______ lunch.

5. Don’t worry. I’ll look after your baby carefully.

Don’t worry. I’ll _____ ______ ______ ______ your baby.

6. People in Japan eat a lot of fish. We eat a lot of fish, too.

People in Japan eat a lot of fish. ______ ______ ______.

7. It may have different tastes.

______ it ______ different tastes.

8. All the other girls are standing behind the tallest one.

The tallest girl is standing ______ ______ ______ ______ the line.

9. It takes about fifteen minutes on foot.

It is about ______ ______ ______.

10. I didn’t have a rest. I went on writing.

I went on writing ______ a rest.

11. How sweet her voice is!

______ ______ ______ ______ she has!

12. Beethoven didn’t say any more.

Beethoven said ______ ______.

13. The man upstairs always dropped his shoes on the floor, so the man downstairs couldn’t get to sleep.

The man downstairs ______ ______ ______ get...

根据中文意思完成句子，每空限填一词。

1. 这个八岁的男孩酷爱弹钢琴，以致于他坚持练琴叁年了。

The eight-year-old girl likes playing the piano ______much ______he has kept ______ for three years.

2. 我母亲经常在星期日打扫卫生，洗衣服。

My mother usually ______ some cleaning and ______ on Sundays.

3. 在今晚的聚会上我们肯定会玩得痛快。

We're ______ to have ______ at the party this evening.

4. 由于天气不好，校运会不得不推迟。

______ ______ the bad weather， the school sports meet had to ______ ______ ______.

5. 保护环境和发展经济同样重要。

Protecting environment is ______ ______ ______ developing economy.

6. 你是怎样与你的邻居相处融洽的？

______ can you get on well ______ your neighbours？

7. 刘老师是位非常亲切的老师，以致于我们把她当做自己的母亲。

Mrs. Liu is ______ ______ kind teacher______ we ______ her ______ our mother.

8. 他问我今天是否有空。

He asks me ______today.

9. 下定决心努力学习吧，你迟早会成功的。

Make______ ______ ______to work hard， ______ you‘ll succeed ______ ______ ______.

10. 李明是个热心肠的人，他经常帮助那些有困难的人。

Li Ming is a warm-hearted man and he often ______ the people in trouble ______.

答案与解析

1. so，that，practicing.表示“如此……以致……”用句型so+形容词或副词+that…；表示“坚持 / 不断 / 反复做某事”用keep doing sth.

2. does;washing.表示“搞卫生、洗衣服、买东西、看书、跑步”等，可用do some cleaning / washing / shopping / reading / running.注意一...