英语被动语态

　　考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2021考研英语：被动语态的翻译”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2021考研英语：被动语态的翻译

　　汉语中的被动句不占优势。英文中大部分的被动句都可以译为汉语的主动句，只有在强调被动意义时才使用被动句。但是在汉语的主动句中，有的在逻辑上是被动句，如："文章写完了"。在这样的句子中，主语不是谓语的动作施行者，而是承受者。汉译时应该灵活采取相应的形式。此外，汉语本身特有一些表示被动的语言手段可以加以利用。为了使译文符合汉语习惯，翻译被动句时，常常可以用以下几种方法：

　　(1)被动句的主语仍译为主动句的主语。

　　The car was severely damaged beyond any means of repair while the driver was safe and sound.

　　译文：汽车损坏严重，已无法修理，而驾车者却安然无恙。

　　The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of science.

　　译文：此项发现得到科学界的高度评价。(或：科学界对此项发现给予高度评价。)

　　(2)将被动句译成主动句，有时外加泛指人称代词"人们"，"有人"，"大家"，"我们"做主语。

　　Rubber is found to be a good isolating material.

　　译文：人们发现，橡胶是一种良好的绝缘材料。

　　The area has been marked out for building more hotels.

　　译文：人们划出这块地区用于建造更多的旅店。

　　(3)把by 后动作的执行者做主语，英文原句中的主语做宾语。

　　The result of the invention of the steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.

　　译文：蒸汽机发明的结果是机械力代替了人力。

　　What measures have been or are being adopted by the government to reduce air pollution?

　　译文：政府已经采取或正在采取哪些措施去降低空气的污染程度呢?

　　(4)译成汉语中的无主句。

　　若根据上下文或特定情景，对行为主体一目了然，或者出于礼貌和婉转起见，可以采用这种译法。

　　The amount of carbon monoxide that an engine gives off can be reduced by special devices designed to make the engine burn the fuel more efficiently.

　　译文：使发动机更有效地燃烧燃料而设计的特殊装置可以降低发动机一氧化碳的排放量。

　　Additional International Standards ma...

　　考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2021考研英语：被动语态的运用(3)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2021考研英语：被动语态的运用(3)

　　五、常用被动句型“It+被动语态+that”的翻译

　　It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject.有人认为，生物气候学是一门复杂的学科。

　　It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science.有人强调说，科学的范畴可以分成两个主要领域：自然科学和社会科学。

　　It should be pointed out that this process is oxidation.应该指出，这一过程就是氧化。

　　下面是一些常用被动句型的习惯译法：

　　It is hoped that… 希望，有人希望

　　It is assumed that… 假设，假定

　　It is claimed that… 据说，有人主张

　　It is believed that… 有人想信，大家相信

　　It is reported that… 据报道，据通报

　　It is considered that… 人们认为，据估计

　　It is said that… 据说，有人说

　　It is supposed that… 据推测，人们猜测

　　It has been announced that… 已经宣布

　　It is asserted that… 有人主张

　　It is rumored that… 有人主张

　　It is rumored that… 听说，谣传

　　It is noticed that… 有人指出，人们注意到

　　It is suggested that… 有人建议，建议

　　It is reputed that… 人们认为，可以认为

　　It is learned that… 据说，据闻，已经查明

　　It is demonstrated that… 据证实，已经证明

　　It is estimated that… 据估计，有人估计

　　It is estimated that… 有人指出，人们指出

　　It is pointed out that… 有人推荐，有人建议

　　It is proposed that… 有人提出

　　It was told that… 有人曾经说

　　It was first intended that… 最初就有这样的想法

　　It will be said that… 有人会说

　　It will be seen from this that… 由此可见，因...

　　考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2021考研英语:被动语态的运用(2)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2021考研英语:被动语态的运用(2)

　　三、译成汉语判断句

　　The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。

　　Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。

　　The manuscript was sent to the printer in London a few weeks before the French revolution. 手稿是在法国革命前几周寄往伦敦付印的。

　　The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872. 美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。

　　四、译成汉语被动句

　　使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为…所、由…来”等等。

　　The minister was found to have appropriated government money. 部长被发现挪用公款。

　　He had been fired for refusing to obey orders from the head office. 他因拒绝接受总公司的命令而被解雇了。

　　The schoolboy was knocked down by a minibus when crossing the street. 那名男生在穿过街道时让一辆小公共汽车撞倒了。

　　He was praised by his teacher. 他得到了老师的表扬。

　　Problems should be resolved in good time. 问题应及时加以解决。

　　For a long period to come, most of China's elderly will continue to be provided for by their families.

　　在未来较长的一段时间里，中国的老年人仍旧要由家庭来赡养。

　　推荐阅读：

　　2021考研英语：被动语态的运用(1)

　　考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2021考研英语：被动语态的运用(1)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2021考研英语：被动语态的运用(1)

　　一、译成汉语主动句

　　(一) 保存原文主语

　　The meeting is scheduled for April 6th.

　　会议定于四月六日举行。

　　Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid.

　　水能从液体变成固体。

　　When rust is formed , a chemical change has taken place.

　　当锈形成的时候，就发生了化学变化。

　　(二) 主宾颠倒

　　She was given a new pen by her father.

　　她爸爸送给她一支新钢笔。

　　Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.

　　这种化学反应能放出热和光。

　　Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us.

　　现在我们只能利用一小部分太阳能。

　　Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission in our country.

　　我国已将通讯卫星用于实况转播。

　　The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter.

　　下一章提供了有关的数据资料。

　　(三) 增加主语

　　The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored.

　　人们对这一问题迄今尚未进行过彻底的探索。

　　She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed.

　　有人看见她大致在案发时进入了那座建筑物。

　　What we say here will not be long remembered, but what we do here can change the world.

　　我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久记住。然而我们在这儿所做的事，却能改变世界。

　　二、译成汉语无主句

　　Measures have been taken to prevent the epidemic from spreading quickly. 已经采取了措施来防止这种流行病迅速蔓延。

　　Water can be shown as containing impurities. 可以证明，水含有杂质。

　　The...

　　考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2021考研英语：被动语态的解读”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2021考研英语：被动语态的解读

　　一)采用无主句的方式，将句子主语译为宾语

　　无主语句在汉语中大量使用，通常指自然现象(如，下雨了)，或者指代具有泛指性(如，山上又发现老虎了)。英语的被动句是不需要或无法讲出动作的执行者，翻译成汉语时往往采用无主句，将原句的主语译成宾语，这样显得语言自然而流畅。如2005年第46题中“Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed...”可译为“电视是引发和传达感情的方式之一...”。

　　二)采用“是……的”“由……的”结构，译为汉语的判断句

　　“The picture was drawn by Tom.”这句话可译为“这幅画是汤姆画的”。由此可看出在翻译时，有时可以将谓语部分置于“是”与“的”之间，句子被译为汉语中的判断句。如2007年第46题中的“legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers...”可译为“法律学习在这类学校里一直被视为律师们专有的……”。

　　三)it作形式主语的被动句，译为主动句

　　以it作形式主语的句子，在翻译过程中常常改成主动形式，有时不加主语，有时则加上不确定的主语，如“有人”“大家”“人们”“我们”。不加泛指主语时，翻译时有着基本固定的翻译模式。如：“It is stated that…”译为“据称…”“It is reported that…”译为“据报道…”“It has been illustrated that…”译为“据说明/图示…”“It was described that…”译为“据介绍…”“It may be said without fear of exaggeration that…”译为“可以毫不夸张地说…”等等。加不确定主语的，如“It is asserted that…”译为“有人主张…”“It is generally considered that…”译为“大家认为…”“It was told that”译为“有人曾经说…”等等。如2009年第46题“It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience-”可译为“有人说，任何社会机构的价值衡量尺度是它在丰富和提升经验方面所起到的作用…”。

　　总之，被动语态在英语中的使用比汉语要普遍得多，有时仍然需要译成被动语态，有时可以译成其他的句子形式，但很多情况下译成主动句或无主句。考研英语翻译试题主要考查同学们准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语材料并用汉语地道表达的能力。由于考研英语中频繁出现被动语态，且表达方式与汉语有很大不同，所以普遍感觉考研英语被动语态的翻译有难度。在翻译时，应采用灵活多样的翻译技巧，遵循汉语的语法规则...

　　考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：被动语态的译法”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2020考研英语：被动语态的译法

　　被动态译法

　　1. Wood could be used to produce many kinds of furniture.

　　木材可以用来制造各种家具。

　　2. These computers emit a great deal of heat, so the data centers need to be well air-conditioned.

　　这些电脑释放出大量的热，因此数据中心需要处于良好的温度状态。

　　3. Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.

　　达尔文相信，这些品味的失去不仅是快乐的丧失，还可能损害才智，更有可能造成道德品质的败坏。

　　4. We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education.

　　这因此使得我们能从迄今一直在考虑的广泛教育过程中，区分出一种更加正式的教育形式。

　　5. The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s.

　　该模式是政治科学家安德鲁·哈克在20世纪70年代后期所观察到的。

　　6. This year, it was proposed that system be changed.

　　今年有人提议改变这一体制。

　　7. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter.

　　一位男子来到天堂，有圣皮特带领他参观。

　　8. Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone.

　　我们几乎所有重大问题都牵涉到人类行为，仅过物理学和生物学技术是难以解决的。

　　9. Having endured a painful period of “unsustainability” in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expresse...

　　出国留学网为您整理“2018年中考英语《被动语态》专项运用模拟题汇总”，欢迎阅读参考，更多精彩内容请继续关注本网站相关栏目发布的信息。

　　出国留学网为您整理“2018年中考英语《被动语态》专项运用模拟题(六)”，欢迎阅读参考，更多精彩内容请继续关注本网站相关栏目发布的信息。

　　2018年中考英语《被动语态》专项运用模拟题(六)

　　( )51.Tea ___ in the south of China.

　　A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow

　　( )55.The bridges___ two years ago. WO It's a Haidian top problem

　　A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built

　　( ) 56.Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather.

　　A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung

　　( ) 57.The river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into it.

　　A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing

　　C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing

　　( )58.The teapot ___ water.

　　A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled

　　( )59.Old people must be looked ^fter well and ___ politely.

　　A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to

　　( )60.Old people must ___.

　　A. look after well B. be looked well after

　　C. looked well after D. be looked after well

　　推荐阅读：

　　2018年中考英语《被动语态》专项运用模拟题（一）

　　2018年中考英语《被动语态》专项运用模拟题（二）

　　2018年中考英语《被动语态》专项运用模拟题（三）

　　2018年中考英语《被动语态》专项运用模拟题（四）