语法复习

　　考研英语备考很多事情都要提上日程了，看看哪些是该注意的，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2021考研英语：基础句式的语法复习”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2021考研英语：基础句式的语法复习

　　1.当主语由either...... or. neither...... nor , not only ...... but(also) 或or连接时，谓语动词通常和最临近的那个主语一致。

　　例如：Either you or he is to do the work. 不是你就是他来做这件事。

　　Not only you but also Tom often comes late to class. 不光是你，汤姆上课也迟到。

　　Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.

　　孩子们和老师都不知道这件事。

　　2.当there be结构后面有并列主语时，谓语也和最临近的那个一致。

　　如：There is a dictionary and many books on the table.

　　桌子上有一本词典和许多本书。

　　There' re ten chairs and a table in the house.

　　屋子里有十把椅子和一张桌子。

　　Here is a pen, a few envelopes and same paper far you.

　　这儿有一支笔，几个信封和一些纸给你。

　　这种就近一致的情况在非正式文体中越来越普遍。但在下列情况不提倡模访。

　　如：Where is your mother and sisters?

　　你妈妈和你姐妹到哪儿去了?

　　Is your sister and her husband coming to see you?

　　你姐姐和姐夫要来看你吗?

　　One in ten are expected to take part in the contest.

　　预计每十个人就有一个要来参加这次比赛。

　　3.做主语的名词或代词后接with，together with，along with，as well as等短语时，谓语动词一般和前面名词或代词一致。这些短语前后可用可不用逗号。

　　如：A woman with a baby is coming to the hospital

　　一个妇女抱着个婴儿正向医院走来。

　　The girl, as well as the bays , has learned to drive a car.

　　这个姑娘和那些那孩子一样也学会了开汽车。

　　(四)代词一致

　　代词一致是指句子中代词应在数、性、人称等方面彼此保持一致，

　　如：One must do one' s best to increase production.

　　Everybody talked at the t...

　　考研英语备考很多事情都要提上日程了，看看哪些是该注意的，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2021年考研英语：语法复习需要掌握的要点”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2021年考研英语：语法复习需要掌握的要点

　　一、以下几类动词一般不能用于进行时，同样不用于完成进行时

　　(1)表示感知的动词：hear, feel, notice, recognize, see, taste, smell;

　　(2)表示意愿、情感的动词：desire, dislike, forgive, hate, like, love, prefer, refuse, want, wish, fear, love, hate;

　　(3)表示思考、看法的动词：believe, doubt, expect, forget, hope, feel, mean, know, agree, realize, mind, recall, recollect, remember, trust, suppose;

　　(4)表示所有、占有的动词：belong to, owe, own, possess, hold(容纳);

　　(5)其他动词：cost, appear, concern, contain, consist, deserve, matter, seem。

　　如：

　　I’d say whenever you are going after something that is belonging to you, anyone who is depriving you of the right to have it is criminal.

　　(1997年考研题， belong表示归属，不用于进行式)

　　He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window last night.

　　(1990年考研题，see表示结果，不用于进行式)

　　二、不用will/shall表达将来时的形式

　　(1)be going to表示现在的打算和意图;

　　(2)arrive, come, drive, go, leave, retire, return, set off, start, take off等表示移位的动词的进行体表示按计划肯定要发生的将来动作;

　　(3)be to (do)表示安排、计划、决定、命令或注定要发生的事，如：

　　Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage is to be avoided.

　　(4)be about to (do)表示将要(做)，如：

　　Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about to pay compliments to his poli...

　　考研英语备考很多事情都要提上日程了，看看哪些是该注意的，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2021年考研英语:不定式语法复习指示”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2021年考研英语:不定式语法复习指示

　　一、不定式做主语

　　(1)做形式主语的代词：

　　不定式做主语, 通常用it充当形式主语, 把做主语的不定式短语后置。 如：

　　It took me only five minutes to finish the job.

　　To be frank, it is a great relief to have the task fulfilled in so short a time.

　　(2)引导逻辑主语的介词：

　　不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导：

　　absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。如：

　　Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.

　　It’s clever of you to have invented such a device.

　　(3)不定式做主语补足语：

　　掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用相应形式。如：

　　said

　　reported

　　thought

　　be to do sth.

　　believed

　　known

　　supposed

　　Byron is said to have lived on vinegar and potatoes.

　　The bank is reported in the local newspaper to have been robbed in broad daylight yesterday.

　　二、不定式做宾语

　　(1)必须接不定式做宾语的动词：

　　掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词：

　　agree, afford, aim, arrange, appear, ask, attempt, choose, claim, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, hope, endeavor, intend, long, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, ...

　　考研英语备考很多事情都要提上日程了，看看哪些是该注意的，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2021年考研英语：分词语法复习精炼”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2021年考研英语：分词语法复习精炼

　　一、分词起形容词和副词的作用，在句中做定语或状语

　　● 现在分词表示主动，表示动作在进行。

　　● 过去分词表示被动，表示动作结束了的状态或结果。

　　二、分词做定语，弄清现在分词与过去分词的区别

　　分词短语做定语相当于省略了的定语从句，考生应掌握：

　　(1)现在分词与被修饰词之间具有主动意义。如：

　　It’s easy to blame the decline of conversation on the pace of modern life and on the vague changes taking place in our ever-increasing world.(相当于the changes which take place...)

　　There was a very interesting remark in a book by an Englishman that I read recently giving what he thought was a reason for this American characteristic.(相当于which gave...)

　　How many of us attending, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?(相当于How many of us who will attend...)

　　(2)过去分词与被修饰词之间具有被动意义。如：

　　Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port announced half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.

　　(相当于…recapture of the port which had been announced…)

　　Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone added to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.

　　(相当于…each new phone which is added to…)

　　The author gave a detailed description based on his personal observation of nature.

　　(相当于…descri...

　　考研英语备考很多事情都要提上日程了，看看哪些是该注意的，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2021年考研英语：动名词语法复习指示”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2021年考研英语：动名词语法复习指示

　　一、必须接动名词做宾语的动词

　　牢记下列要求接动名词做宾语的动词：

　　acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, advise, avoid, admit, confess, consider, defend, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep mind, miss, mention, pardon, practice, postpone, permit, report, resent, resume, recall，recollect，risk, resist, suggest, tolerate。如：

　　Although a teenager, Fred could resist being told what to do and what not to do.

　　I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.

　　二、动名词做介词短语

　　考生尤其要识别下列短语中的to是介词，不是不定式符号：

　　object to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, be accustomed to, be committed to, be exposed to, be subjected to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be reconciled to, be contrary to, be (get) used to, come close to, get down to, give oneself up to, prefer…to, see to, set to, take to, in addition to, with regard to, with a view to, on the way to。如：

　　There was no sign that Mr. Jospin , who keeps a firm control on the party despite having resigned from leadership of it, would intervene personally.

　　Our modern civilization must not be thought of as having been created in a short period of time.

　　Nowhere i...

　　考研英语备考很多事情都要提上日程了，看看哪些是该注意的，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2021年考研英语：非谓语动词语法复习指示”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2021年考研英语：非谓语动词语法复习指示

　　一、接不定式或动名词做宾语都可以，但在意思上有区别的动词的用法

　　mean to do想要(做某事) propose to do 打算(做某事)

　　mean doing意味(做某事) propose doing建议(做某事)

　　forget to do忘记(要做的事) remember to do记得(要做某事)

　　forget doing忘记(已做的事) remember doing记得(已做过的事)

　　go on to do继而(做另一件事) stop to do停下来去做另一件事

　　go on doing继续(做原来的事) stop doing停止正在做的事

　　regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾 regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔

　　如：

　　Mr. Jankin regretted having blamed his secretary for the mistake, for he later discovered it was his own fault.

　　The boy is constantly being told not to scratch the paint off the wall, but he goes on doing it all the same.

　　二、不定式的习惯用法

　　句型：cannot help but do cannot but do

　　cannot choose but do can do nothing but do

　　have no choice/alternative but to do

　　上述句型的意思接近，即“不得不做”、“不禁做”、“不由自主地做”、“不能不做”、“只能做”。其共同的特点是都有一个否定词和but。如：

　　Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.

　　三、动名词的习惯用法

　　句型：be busy/active doing sth. have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.

　　It’s no good/use/picnic doing sth. have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.<...

　　考研英语备考很多事情都要提上日程了，看看哪些是该注意的，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2021年考研英语：虚拟语气语法复习指示”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2021年考研英语：虚拟语气语法复习指示

　　一、主从句谓语动词的时态

　　(1)掌握主从句谓语动词的规范搭配:

　　主句 从句

　　与现在事实相反 would/情态动词过去式+do were (不分人称)/did

　　与过去事实相反 would/情态动词过去式+have done had done

　　与将来事实相反 would/情态动词过去式+do should do

　　如：

　　If the doctor had been available, the child could not have died.

　　There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, should there be a sudden loud noise.

　　(2)区分主从句表示的不同时间概念：

　　主从句谓语动词所指时间不同，这叫做错综时间条件句，动词形式应根据实际情况来调整。如：

　　Had it not been for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.

　　(主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)

　　Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.

　　(主句与现在事实相反，从句与过去事实相反)

　　(3)识别事实和假设混合句：

　　Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.

　　(句子前半部分为假设情况，而“父母病了”是事实)

　　I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.

　　(前半部分为假设，后半部分是事实)

　　二、名词性从句的虚拟形式

　　名词性从句是指宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从句的谓语动词需用(should+)动词原形表示虚拟。考生应熟悉：

　　(1)下列动词做谓语时，that宾语从句中的动词用虚拟形式：

　　desire, advise, recommend, command, dir...

　　考研英语备考很多事情都要提上日程了，看看哪些是该注意的，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2021年考研英语：代词语法复习指示”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2021年考研英语：代词语法复习指示

　　一、与所指代的名词在性、数、格上是否一致

　　如：Each cigarette a person smokes does some harm, and eventually he may get a serious disease from its effect.

　　It was during the 1920’s that the friendship between the two American writers Hemingway and Fitzgerald reached its highest point.

　　Our department was monitored by two supervisors, Bill and me.

　　二、that的指代作用

　　that指代不可数名词和单数可数名词(如是复数，用those)，后面通常跟有修饰语，如出现在比较结构中的that of。如：

　　Conversation calls for a willingness to alternate the role of speaker with that of listener, and it calls for occasional “digestive pauses” by both.

　　No bread eaten by man is so sweet as that earned by his own labor.

　　三、one的指代作用

　　one指代带不定冠词的单数可数名词，复数为ones。the one 指代带定冠词的单数可数名词。如：

　　A good writer is one who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way.

　　四、do的替代作用

　　do代替动词，注意数和时态的变化。如：

　　For him to be re’elected, what is essential is not that his policy works, but that the public believe that it does.

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