2017考研英语语法复习:that的用法

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  2017考研英语语法复习:that的用法

  that是英语中十分常见的单词,用法灵活多样,是英语中最常用的词汇之一。正因为它是我们认为自己最熟悉的单词,反而容易忽视它。在考研英语中,对that的考查包括三个方面:(1)that作指示代词的用法;(2)that作连词引导各类从句时,需要准确辨别从句类型。

  一、that 作限定词或代词

  that可以作限定词或代词连接名词或名词短语,也可单独使用,用以指代人或者物。此外,that不仅可以指代单独的人或物,还可以指代一句话

  例:Furthermore, in the early days of long line fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now. [2006, text3]

  分析:

  A.分析句子结构。Furthermore, in the early days of long line fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks //after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, //because there are fewer sharks around now.

  第一个句子的主句为a lot of fish were lost to sharks,介词短语in the early days of long line fishing作状语,after引导时间状语从句。第二个句子主句是That is no longer a problem, that为代词,because引导原因状语从句。

  B.分析that指代。that指代第一句话,"a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked",其中after引导时间状语从句。

  C.译文:而且,在使用多钩长线捕鱼的初期,许多鱼被钩住后又被鲨鱼夺走。这不再是一个问题,因为附近的鲨鱼更少了。

  二、that作副词表示程度,相当于so

  例:It isn't all that cold. 天没有那么冷。

  三、that作连词引导各类从句

  (一)that引导名词性从句

  that后面连接一个完整的陈述句,可以位于主语、宾语、表语或同位语的位置,分别引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。此时,that没有实意,而且不在从句中做任何成分。that引导主语从句和同位语从句时不可以省略。

  例1:That the plates are moving is now beyond dispute. (主语从句)

  地球板块是在漂移的,这一事实毋庸置疑。

  例2:The truth is that everyone should take care of orphan, not just the authorities.(表语从句)

  事实是,所有人都应该照顾孤儿,而不仅仅是完全由政府承担。

  例3:All people believed that it was right to rescue the temple. (宾语从句)(注:that可以省略)

  所有人都认为拯救古庙是正确的。

  例4:The students expressed their hope that they could be admitted by that university.(同位语从句)

  学生们表达了他们向被这所大学录取的愿望。

  (二)that引导定语从句

  that引导定语从句,在从句中充当主语、表语或者宾语,既可以指代人,也可以指代物。that在定语从句中作宾语时,引导词that可以省略。

  例1:The professor that you admire most will visit our university next month.

  你敬仰的那个教授下月会到我们学校参观。

  例2:This is one of the subways that will be put into use in two years.

  这是未来两年内将开通的地铁之一。

  例3:I have nothing that is worth reading.

  我没有什么值得一读的东西。

  (注:当先行词中有不定代词、形容词最高级、序数词或者先行词被the only,the very等限定词修饰等情况下,定语从句引导词也只能用that。)

  (三)that与其他单词结合引导状语从句

  that可以和其他单词结构共同引导状语从句,例如such...that,so...that等引导结果状语从句,in order that,so that等引导目的状语从句,in that,now that,on the grounds that等引导原因状语从句,suppose/supposing/assume/assuming/provided/providing that,on condition that等引导条件状语从句等。

  例1:She has made such rapid progress that before long she could pass the exam.

  她进步很快,不久就能通过考试的。

  例2:You should make full use of this opportunity so that you can get rich experience.

  你应该充分利用这次机会,以便获得丰富的经验。

  例3:Supposing that you were in my position, what would you do?

  如果你在我的位置,你会怎么做?

  例4:On condition that you were lost in the desert, you should ask for help as soon as possible.

  如果你在沙漠中迷路,你应该尽早寻求帮助。

  (四)that引导强调句

  "It is/was+被强调部分+that从句"是高频使用的一种强调句型,其中被强调部分可以作从句的主语、宾语和状语等。强调句中去掉"it is/was"和"that"后,句子成分和语义仍然完整。

  例:It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his research work again.

  战争结束后爱因斯坦才能重新进行他的研究工作。

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