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2021考研英语：长难句的专项练习22
They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.
一、词汇突破
statistics 数据
写作过程中可以使用固定词组：statistics and details
achievers获得成功的人
二、主干识别
They gather all the data. 主谓宾结构。
三、其他成分
they can 的完整表达为：that they can gather ; 出于简洁的考虑省掉了that 和gather;not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers整个部分是data 的同位语。
四、微观解析
同位语中第一部分是performance statistics and biographical details;第二个部分为the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers，其中with high achievers为定语修饰experiments.
五、难点揭秘
同位语部分出现并列现象造成比较冗长产生阅读难点。
六、译文赏析
他们尽其所能收集了一切数据，这些数据不仅包括表现数据和传记式资料，而且也包括了那些取得了表现优异者在实验室实验中的实验结果。
补充一些心理学术语：
biographical characteristics 传记特点biographical data 传记式资料biographical inventory 传记式量表Biographical Inventory for R & T Talent 科研人才甄选传记式量表biographical inventory tests 传记式问卷测验biographical method 传记法biographical study 传记研究biographicaltype case study 传记式个案研究
2021考研英语：长难句的专项练习23
During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society’s ills "and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
一、词汇突破
stockholder 股东
assert 声称，认为，宣称
social ill 社会问题
二、主干识别
Levin asserted that +宾语从句and even cited his son. 主谓宾结构
三、其他成分
During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders meeting状语;music is not the cause of society’s ills 宾语从句主系表结构;a teacher in the Bronx, New York同位语;who uses rap to communicate with students.定语从句修饰a teacher。
四、难点揭秘
并列的动词和同位语构成一定的阅读难点
五、译文赏析
在上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中，莱文宣称说："音乐不是社会问题的原因"，他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师，他儿子正在用说唱音乐与学生们进行沟通。
六、翻译点拨
将同位语单独翻译为一个句子是在翻译中的常用手法。
2021考研英语：长难句的专项练习24
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
一、词汇突破
constitutional 宪法的
physician-assisted suicide 医生帮助下的自杀
permissible 可以被允许的
二、主干识别
the Court supported the medical principle of "double effect" 主谓宾结构
三、其他成分
Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide状语从句;in effect作状语;a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect整个都是the medical principle of "double effect" 的同位语。
四、微观解析
a centuries-old moral principle其后被 holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. 所修饰。holding that +宾语从句，其中主干为：an action is permissible;having two effects修饰 an action;a good one and a harmful one为two effects的同位语，被that is intended和that is foreseen两个定语从句所修饰;if the actor intends only the good effect为宾语从句的状语。
五、难点揭秘
这个句子的复杂就在于同位语的复杂，同位语中有现在分词短语带上宾语从句，在宾语从句中又出现同位语，同位语中又出现定语从句。这样的句子虽然复杂但是还是从最简单的结构一步步搭建出来的。the Court supported the medical principle of "double effect"解释什么叫double effect;“holding that+宾语从句”修饰 double effect;an action having two effects is permissible为宾语从句的主干;a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen 解释什么是two effects;if the actor intends only the good effect 为状语从句。
六、译文赏析
尽管最高法院已经裁定出医生帮助下的自杀行为并不受宪法的支持，但最高法院实际上支持了被称为"双重效果"的医疗原则;这个已有几个世纪历史的道德原则认为一个行为可能会有两个效果——— 一个想要达到的好的效果和一个已经预见到的有害的效果。如果行为的实施者想要的只是要好的效果的话，这个行为是被允许的
【翻译点拨】对于同位语的处理我们还是采取了惯用的单独成句的方法，也用到了破折号解释的方法。
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