2014高考英语语法

　　出国留学网高考频道在考试后及时公布各科高考试题答案和高考作文及试卷专家点评， 请广大考生家长关注。时光飞逝， 不管情愿与否， 无论准备与否， 我们已走进高三， 走近我们的梦!祝愿决战2014高考的新高三学员能倍加努力，在2014年高考中也能取得优异的成绩。

　　语法考点各个掌握

　　both/neither

　　1.选择对象为两者，译为“两者，双方，二人”。Both 视为复数。

　　Both of the flowers are very beautiful.= The flowers are both very beautiful.

　　2.用于否定句时，表部分否定，完全否定时要用not either/neither.

　　Both of his children are not college students.(部分否定)

　　Not both of his children are college students.(部分否定)

　　Neither of his children are college students.(全部否定)

　　3.both ....... and ......译为“……和……都，既……又……”。其否定形式为：“neither...... nor......../ not either.......or......”。

　　The book is both interesting and instructive.

　　The book is neither interesting nor instructive.

　　He was famous both as a novelist and as a stateman.

　　He was famous neither as a novelist nor as a stateman.

　　4.neither放在句首，句子要部分倒装。

　　He can’t speak French, neither can I.

　　【考例1】If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, ______ .(07全国卷II，11)

　　A. he will either B. neither will he

　　C. he neither will D. either he will (B)

　　【考例2】Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it.(07安徽卷，34)

　　A. none of them B. both of them

　　C. none of whom D. neither of whom (D)

　　【考例3】It is reported that two schools, _______ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.(07四川卷，27)

　　A. they both B. which both C. both...

　　出国留学网高考频道在考试后及时公布各科高考试题答案和高考作文及试卷专家点评， 请广大考生家长关注。时光飞逝， 不管情愿与否， 无论准备与否， 我们已走进高三， 走近我们的梦!祝愿决战2014高考的新高三学员能倍加努力，在2014年高考中也能取得优异的成绩。

　　语法考点各个掌握

　　unless

　　1.“not.......unless+肯定句”相当于“if+否定句”，如：

　　(1)A: You can’t enter the hall if you have no ticket.

　　B: You can’t enter the hall unless you have a ticket.

　　(2)A: Don’t come if I don’t call you.

　　B: Don’t come unless I call you.

　　2.unless 从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，unless后面的主语与动词可省略。

　　Unless (he is) in uniform, he doesn’t look like a policeman.

　　The girl never give in unless wrong.

　　Unless repaired, the machine is of no use.

　　【考例1】I won’t call you ______ something unexpected happens.(07全国卷I，26)

　　A. unless B. whether C. because D.while (A)

　　【考例2】Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but ______ they have eggs or young chicks, they don’t use a nest.(07湖南卷，33)

　　A. why B. how C. unless D. where (C)

　　【考例3】 A small car is big enough for a family of three ____ you need more space for baggage.

　　A. once B. because C. if D. unless (D)(08全国卷II，7)

　　【考例4】 We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday _____ it rains or it’s very cold.(08天津卷，1)

　　A. since B. if C. unless D. until (C)

　　【考例5】 Don’t promise anything ______ you are one hundred percent sure.(08浙江卷，16)

　　A. whether B. after C. how D. unless (D)
 

　　出国留学网高考频道在考试后及时公布各科高考试题答案和高考作文及试卷专家点评， 请广大考生家长关注。时光飞逝， 不管情愿与否， 无论准备与否， 我们已走进高三， 走近我们的梦!祝愿决战2014高考的新高三学员能倍加努力，在2014年高考中也能取得优异的成绩。

　　语法考点各个掌握

　　until

　　1.“延续性动词(肯定式)+until”表示“直到......才......”如：

　　He lived with his parents until he graduated from college.

　　He practiced running until he was tired out.

　　He waited for him until he came back.

　　2.“终止性动词/延续性动词的否定式+until”表示“直到......才......”，如：

　　He didn’t go to bed until he had finished his work.

　　They didn’t reach the village until it was dark.

　　He didn’t come until he had gone over his lessons.

　　3.用于强调句型“It is not until......that......”，如：

　　It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.

　　4.not until放在句首时，主句要用倒装语序，如：

　　Not until he graduated did he succeed in obtaining the compound.

　　【考例1】It is difficult for us to learn a new lesson in life ________ we’ve actually had that lesson. (07天津卷，8)

　　A. until B. after C. since D. when (A)

　　【考例2】It ______ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _______ I found we had a lot in common.(07浙江卷，10)

　　A. was until; when B. was until; that

　　C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’t until; that (D)
 

　　出国留学网高考频道在考试后及时公布各科高考试题答案和高考作文及试卷专家点评， 请广大考生家长关注。时光飞逝， 不管情愿与否， 无论准备与否， 我们已走进高三， 走近我们的梦!祝愿决战2014高考的新高三学员能倍加努力，在2014年高考中也能取得优异的成绩。

　　语法考点各个掌握

　　will

　　1.表将来。通常不用于时间、条件的状语从句，而用一般现在时代替。但表意志的will是if所引导从句中的主语的意志、好意、主动等。 If you run, you may be in time. (跑步的话，你可能来得及。) If you’ll listen to me, I’ll tell you the truth.(假如你愿意听我说，我就告诉你实情。)

　　2.表主语的强烈意志、主张。译作“无论如何，总要……”。如：

　　I will marry you whatever happens. This door won’t shut.

　　3.表推测。“当是……，似为……”。如：That will be your book. You will have heard of it.

　　4.表习惯、习性、倾向。译作“常……，易于……，毕竟……”My car will sometimes break down. Boys will be boys.

　　5.表可能性、能力。译作“能……”。 This hall will seat five hundred. That will do.

　　6.表即时决定。译作“就……”。如：

　　------Who will turn off the lights.

　　------I will.

　　【考例1】------We have booked a room for today and tomorrow.

　　-------________ sir.(07全国卷II，7)

　　A. I’m sure. B. My pleasure C. It’s right. D. I’ll check. (D)

　　【考例2】------Mr. Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon.Don’t forget it! ------OK. I _______.

　　A. won’t B. don’t C. will D. do (A)

　　【考例3】-----Write to me when you get home.

　　------_______.(01北京春卷，6)

　　A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can (C)

　　【考例4】Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ______ advertisements showing happy families. (04湖南卷，25)

　　A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen (A)

　　出国留学网高考频道在考试后及时公布各科高考试题答案和高考作文及试卷专家点评， 请广大考生家长关注。时光飞逝， 不管情愿与否， 无论准备与否， 我们已走进高三， 走近我们的梦!祝愿决战2014高考的新高三学员能倍加努力，在2014年高考中也能取得优异的成绩。

　　语法考点各个掌握

　　shall

　　1.用于二、三人称表允诺、命令、警告、强制等，是说话者的意志而不是句子主语的意志。此用法也常见于法律文书中。如：

　　―The interest shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides‖, declared the judge.

　　It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.

　　2.shall用于一、三人称疑问句中表征询对方的意见。如：

　　----The room is so dirty. Shall we clean it?

　　----Of course.

　　3.其否定形式shan’t表禁止或威胁。如：

　　----Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.

　　----You shan’t have my computer if you don’t take care of it.

　　【考例1】-----What does the sign over there read?

　　------―No person _______ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.‖

　　A. will B. may C. shall D. must (C)

　　【考例2】-----Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.

　　-----You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.

　　(04湖南卷，28)

　　A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t (A)

　　【考例3】-----What’s the nurse?

　　-----Khulaifi. _____ I spell that for you?

　　A. Shall B.Would C. Can D. Might (A)
 

　　出国留学网高考频道在考试后及时公布各科高考试题答案和高考作文及试卷专家点评， 请广大考生家长关注。时光飞逝， 不管情愿与否， 无论准备与否， 我们已走进高三， 走近我们的梦!祝愿决战2014高考的新高三学员能倍加努力，在2014年高考中也能取得优异的成绩。

　　语法考点各个掌握

　　may/might

　　1.表许可：在请求对方许可时，may较正式，might较may委婉;在准许对方做某事时，答语用may,而不用might。如：

　　-----I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins. May I have a look?

　　-----Yes, certainly.

　　2.表推测，might比may更不肯定;may not不合写，表“可能不”。如：

　　------Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?

　　------Sorry, I am not sure. But it might be.

　　You might just as well tell the manufacture that male customers may not like the design of the furniture.

　　【考例1】-----Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.

　　-----You _______ it in the wrong place.(07江西卷，27)

　　A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put (D)

　　【考例2】We ______ have proved great adventures, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past 10 years.(06天津卷)

　　A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t (B)

　　【考例3】-----Excuse me. Is this the right way to te Summer Palace?

　　------Sorry, I am not sure. But it ______ be.(04湖北卷，26)

　　A. might B. will C. must D. can (A)

　　【考例4】-----I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins. ______ I have a look? ------Yes, certainly.(02北京春卷，29)

　　A. Do B. May C. Shall D. should (B)

　　【考例5】 Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.(08全国卷II...

　　出国留学网高考频道在考试后及时公布各科高考试题答案和高考作文及试卷专家点评， 请广大考生家长关注。时光飞逝， 不管情愿与否， 无论准备与否， 我们已走进高三， 走近我们的梦!祝愿决战2014高考的新高三学员能倍加努力，在2014年高考中也能取得优异的成绩。

　　语法考点各个掌握

　　must

　　1.表推测，仅用于肯定句中，语气最为肯定;对过去的推测用must have done;mustn’t表禁止，不用于表推测。如：

　　Tom, you mustn’t leave all your clothes on the floor like this!

　　He must have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.

　　2.表必须，语气强于should, 侧重于说话人的主观意志，译作“一定，务必”，用于肯定句中或否定句中。如：

　　Children under 12 years of age in that country must be under adult supervision when in a public library.

　　3.表固执，译作“非要”，所发生之事往往不受欢迎或不需要。如：

　　John, look at the time. Must you play the piano at such a late hour?

　　【考例1】In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you ______ take care of your luggage.(07北京卷，26)

　　A. can B. may C. must D. will (C)

　　【考例2】-------Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.

　　--------Great! You _______ read a lot of work into it.(07上海卷，29)

　　A. must B. should C. must have D. should have (C)

　　【考例3】The teacher _____ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose.(07安徽卷，23)

　　A. should B. can C. would D. must (D)

　　【考例4】------She looks very happy. She _______ have passed the exam.

　　------I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.(07江苏卷，22)

　　A. should B. could C. must D. might (C)
 

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　　出国留学网高考频道在考试后及时公布各科高考试题答案和高考作文及试卷专家点评， 请广大考生家长关注。时光飞逝， 不管情愿与否， 无论准备与否， 我们已走进高三， 走近我们的梦!祝愿决战2014高考的新高三学员能倍加努力，在2014年高考中也能取得优异的成绩。

　　语法考点各个掌握

　　can

　　1.表能力，在肯定句中指过去做某事的能力，泛指一般能力用could,只表具备做某事的能力，但并不表明是否干成。如：If I could plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.

　　2.表懊悔、遗憾，could have done表过去未曾实现的动作，即本能够干好的事却没干好。如：He paid for a seat, when he could have entered free.

　　I could have finished the job in the given time but the computer didn’t work.

　　3.表惊讶等感情色彩，仅用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。如：

　　How can you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?

　　4.表推测，常不用于肯定句中，若用于肯定句中则表偶尔一时的特征，译作“有时会”;而can’t表不可能。如：

　　The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it can be very slow.

　　-----Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?

　　-----No, it can’t be him. I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.

　　5.表许可，在请求对方许可时，can 在口语中常用;在准许对方做某事时，答语用can,不用could。如：A left-luggage office is a place where bags can be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.

　　------Could I borrow your dictionary?

　　-----Yes, of course you can.

　　【考例1】The biggest problem for most plants, which ______ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.(07湖南卷，24)

　　A. shan’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t (B)

　　【考例2】My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where...